Benami transaction and beneficial ownership: documentary and circumstantial evidence show payors were true beneficiaries, resulting in PBPTA consequen...
Denial of Preferential Treatment under SAFTA overturned where unchallenged Country of Origin certificate warranted exemption under Notification benefi...
Re-determination of assessable value under customs valuation focuses on whether declared transaction value includes costs for delivery and whether rule 10 supplementation or surrogate valuation was justified. The analysis emphasises that declared price purporting to be CIF cannot be supplemented by loading costs under rule 10 absent evidence that such costs were excluded from the contracted price, and that dispute over origin does not ipso facto render shipment costs indeterminate. The absence of use of rule 7 and rule 8 procedures for identical or similar goods was criticised, and the tribunal found no legal basis for upward re-valuation, confiscation or penalties on the impugned facts, setting aside the order.
Re-determination of assessable value under customs valuation focuses on whether declared transaction value includes costs for delivery and whether rule 10 supplementation or surrogate valuation was justified. The analysis emphasises that declared price purporting to be CIF cannot be supplemented by loading costs under rule 10 absent evidence that such costs were excluded from the contracted price, and that dispute over origin does not ipso facto render shipment costs indeterminate. The absence of use of rule 7 and rule 8 procedures for identical or similar goods was criticised, and the tribunal found no legal basis for upward re-valuation, confiscation or penalties on the impugned facts, setting aside the order.
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