Mis-declaration in import descriptions must be deliberate to justify confiscation; withheld contemporaneous import documents invalidate value redeterm...
Liability for EPCG export shortfall: duty and interest sustained, but confiscation and penalties quashed where no fraud and causes beyond importer con...
Advance not reflected as borrowing in the balance sheet does not acquire the character of financial debt; therefore classification in accounts is determinative of financial debt character and precludes claim as such. A loan expressly restricted by contract to land development and diverted the same day to purchase a personal luxury car constituted misuse of corporate funds and breached the loan diversion clause, rendering the transaction non-genuine and the claim bonafide-disputed. Directors role in permitting diversion engages responsibility for misuse. Where a transaction is found to have defrauded creditors, the claim may be rejected and the transaction declared void.
Advance not reflected as borrowing in the balance sheet does not acquire the character of financial debt; therefore classification in accounts is determinative of financial debt character and precludes claim as such. A loan expressly restricted by contract to land development and diverted the same day to purchase a personal luxury car constituted misuse of corporate funds and breached the loan diversion clause, rendering the transaction non-genuine and the claim bonafide-disputed. Directors role in permitting diversion engages responsibility for misuse. Where a transaction is found to have defrauded creditors, the claim may be rejected and the transaction declared void.
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