Pre-commencement R&D deduction denied where business had not commenced; deeming benefit requires tangible start of manufacture or commercial exploitat...
Priority of set-off: brought forward business losses must be adjusted before unabsorbed depreciation; procedural safeguards required for invoking rest...
The text clarifies that the term importer encompasses the actual importer, owner, beneficial owner and any person holding himself out as importer, making an IEC holder liable despite not being the legal owner; consequence: such importer bears full import liabilities. Prohibited goods' value was assessed and penalties under the customs penalty regime may equate to the value of goods; consequence: section 112 exposure equals goods' value. False declarations in Bills of Entry attract penalties for knowingly false declarations, potentially up to multiples of goods' value; consequence: a penalty amounting to roughly 11% of value was regarded as just and maintained.
The text clarifies that the term importer encompasses the actual importer, owner, beneficial owner and any person holding himself out as importer, making an IEC holder liable despite not being the legal owner; consequence: such importer bears full import liabilities. Prohibited goods' value was assessed and penalties under the customs penalty regime may equate to the value of goods; consequence: section 112 exposure equals goods' value. False declarations in Bills of Entry attract penalties for knowingly false declarations, potentially up to multiples of goods' value; consequence: a penalty amounting to roughly 11% of value was regarded as just and maintained.
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