Fraudulent trading requires cogent evidence of intent to defraud; ordinary-course payments protected, except post-insolvency withdrawals must be resto...
Religious purpose exclusion versus charitable purpose: non overriding religious objects do not attract Explanation 3, registration directed under sect...
Search-assessment proviso jurisdiction, time-barred valuation reports, and denial of cross-examination vitiate valuation-based and confession-based ad...
Whether distinct NP rates applied to separate businesses: AO applied a uniform 8% NP rate to both iron-scrap and livestock sales without any intelligible differentia; books of account contained no pointed defects. Tribunal accepted CIT(A)'s reliance on comparable assessments showing NP rates of 0.15-0.23% for livestock turnover and held that differential cost structures warrant a lower NP rate for animal sales; consequently the 0.22% NP rate was applied to livestock/animal sales and the AO's uniform 8% determination was set aside - ITAT
Whether distinct NP rates applied to separate businesses: AO applied a uniform 8% NP rate to both iron-scrap and livestock sales without any intelligible differentia; books of account contained no pointed defects. Tribunal accepted CIT(A)'s reliance on comparable assessments showing NP rates of 0.15-0.23% for livestock turnover and held that differential cost structures warrant a lower NP rate for animal sales; consequently the 0.22% NP rate was applied to livestock/animal sales and the AO's uniform 8% determination was set aside - ITAT
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