Tariff classification determines GST schedule and rate; beverages in Schedule III attract the higher rate, tea extracts and syrups in Schedule I attra...
Fraudulent trading requires cogent evidence of intent to defraud; ordinary-course payments protected, except post-insolvency withdrawals must be resto...
Religious purpose exclusion versus charitable purpose: non overriding religious objects do not attract Explanation 3, registration directed under sect...
Dominant issue: whether an unsigned notice issued under Section 148 is valid. Reasoning: Section 282A mandates that notices issued by an Income-tax Authority must be signed; an unsigned notice is invalid ab initio. Reliance on Sections 292B/292BB to cure the defect is unsustainable because those provisions cannot revive a notice that is void for want of the statutorily required signature and such a construction would conflict with Section 282A. Outcome: the unsigned Section 148 notice is invalid and reassessment proceedings initiated thereon are invalid; decision for the assessee. - HC
Dominant issue: whether an unsigned notice issued under Section 148 is valid. Reasoning: Section 282A mandates that notices issued by an Income-tax Authority must be signed; an unsigned notice is invalid ab initio. Reliance on Sections 292B/292BB to cure the defect is unsustainable because those provisions cannot revive a notice that is void for want of the statutorily required signature and such a construction would conflict with Section 282A. Outcome: the unsigned Section 148 notice is invalid and reassessment proceedings initiated thereon are invalid; decision for the assessee. - HC
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