The dominant issue was whether refund of excess additional duty...

The dominant issue was whether refund of excess additional duty of customs could be rejected on the ground that it did not arise from a valid reassessment as required under Section 27 of the Customs Act, 1962 in light of ITC Ltd. The Tribunal held that self-assessment under Section 17, reassessment under Sections 17/128, and amendments/corrections under Sections 149/154 constitute "assessment" for Section 27 purposes, and that a speaking reassessment order had in fact been passed but was ignored by the appellate authority. Consequently, the rejection of the refund was legally unsustainable and was set aside, restoring entitlement to refund. - CESTAT