Transfer-pricing treatment of ITeS margins excludes pass-through tax recoveries and separate delayed-receivables interest after working-capital adjust...
Capacity-utilisation adjustments under TNMM can neutralise substantiated COVID-related idle costs where underutilisation materially affects profitabil...
TNMM functional comparability requires excluding rice manufacturers from a pure Basmati rice trader's benchmark and recognising operating export recei...
Working-capital adjustment subsumes delayed-receivable effects in TNMM benchmarking of captive software-development services, avoiding separate notion...
Transfer-pricing comparability requires exclusion of financially illogical super-profit comparables and correction of unsupported annual-report and ma...
Charitable character assessment preserves Section 80G approval despite inclusive spiritual teachings and incidental religious expenditure within the s...
Penalty proceedings for cash-loan acceptance require assessment proceedings and recorded Assessing Officer satisfaction; absent these, the proceedings...
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SC upheld the arbitral award and HC's decision, holding that the transaction was a bill discounting facility, not a loan, rendering the Usurious Loans Act inapplicable. Relying on Section 31(7) of the Arbitration Act, SC affirmed party autonomy in stipulating interest, including high and compound interest, and held that the agreed 36% compound interest was not unconscionable, penal, or opposed to public policy. Section 74 of the Contract Act was found inapplicable to the enhanced interest clause, which was treated as a valid commercial bargain. The contra proferentem rule was rejected in light of clear contractual language. Appeal dismissed.
SC upheld the arbitral award and HC's decision, holding that the transaction was a bill discounting facility, not a loan, rendering the Usurious Loans Act inapplicable. Relying on Section 31(7) of the Arbitration Act, SC affirmed party autonomy in stipulating interest, including high and compound interest, and held that the agreed 36% compound interest was not unconscionable, penal, or opposed to public policy. Section 74 of the Contract Act was found inapplicable to the enhanced interest clause, which was treated as a valid commercial bargain. The contra proferentem rule was rejected in light of clear contractual language. Appeal dismissed.
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