Working-capital adjustment determines whether software-services transfer-pricing margins fall within the statutory tolerance range, eliminating any ad...
Permanent establishment deductions upheld for expatriate salaries, direct costs and trading losses, while head-office costs require fresh classificati...
Data transmission equipment classification under CTSH 8517 62 remains distinct from residual classification, with exemption evidence requiring scrutin...
HC analyzed dishonour of cheque case under NI Act, focusing on rebuttal of statutory presumptions. The court held that an accused need not prove defense beyond reasonable doubt but must establish preponderance of probabilities. When challenging a cheque's validity, the accused can use direct or circumstantial evidence to create doubt about legally enforceable debt. The complainant bears the burden of explaining financial capacity when source of funds is questioned. Ultimately, the HC dismissed the appeal, upholding the trial court's acquittal, finding no illegality or impropriety in the original judgment.
HC analyzed dishonour of cheque case under NI Act, focusing on rebuttal of statutory presumptions. The court held that an accused need not prove defense beyond reasonable doubt but must establish preponderance of probabilities. When challenging a cheque's validity, the accused can use direct or circumstantial evidence to create doubt about legally enforceable debt. The complainant bears the burden of explaining financial capacity when source of funds is questioned. Ultimately, the HC dismissed the appeal, upholding the trial court's acquittal, finding no illegality or impropriety in the original judgment.
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