Charitable trust registration requires a specified-violation notice; settled cash deposits and related-party payments did not justify cancellation or ...
External development charges trigger TDS under section 194C, while disputed administrative payments require factual verification and fresh adjudicatio...
Section 270AA penalty immunity requires identified statutory defaults and a hearing before rejection; reassessment disclosure may constitute under-rep...
Section 80JJAA employee-cost deduction allowed for deployed staff but barred against transfer-pricing income enhancement, with pricing issues remanded...
Transfer-pricing methodology protects commercially genuine associated-enterprise payments, while pre-2016 secondary adjustments and related notional i...
Negative liens over operating assets can constitute international transactions requiring arm's-length pricing reflecting restricted borrowing and expa...
Cross-examination rights in Customs Broker revocation inquiries require witness examination; procedural denial may be cured through fresh adjudication...
SC determined writ petition maintainability against private financial company under Article 226. Court applied "function test" to assess whether entity performs public duties warranting writ jurisdiction. Distinguished between regulatory compliance and genuine public functions. Following LIC v. Escorts precedent, held that mere compliance with RBI regulations does not transform private entity into "State" under Article 12. Emphasized that writ jurisdiction depends on nature of function rather than entity's public/private status. Key consideration is whether action involves public duty or remains in private law domain. Petitions dismissed as company's activities did not constitute public functions despite regulatory oversight.
SC determined writ petition maintainability against private financial company under Article 226. Court applied "function test" to assess whether entity performs public duties warranting writ jurisdiction. Distinguished between regulatory compliance and genuine public functions. Following LIC v. Escorts precedent, held that mere compliance with RBI regulations does not transform private entity into "State" under Article 12. Emphasized that writ jurisdiction depends on nature of function rather than entity's public/private status. Key consideration is whether action involves public duty or remains in private law domain. Petitions dismissed as company's activities did not constitute public functions despite regulatory oversight.
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