Interactive touchscreen panels with integrated computing functions fall under automatic data-processing machines rather than display monitors for cust...
Ex parte injunction service requirements were substantially met, while civil recovery and SFIO investigation into provident fund defalcation continued...
Enforcement of resolution-plan directions continues without a Supreme Court stay, preventing suspension of redistribution and escrowed-fund distributi...
Third-party ownership claims over attached property require Special Court adjudication where purchasers lack registered sale deeds and bona fides rema...
Pure-agent reimbursements in clearing and forwarding services are excluded from taxable value when qualifying third-party payments are properly record...
Customs relief for Strait of Hormuz maritime disruptions remains available, with existing conditions continuing unchanged through the extended validit...
Dishonour of cheque - insufficient funds - presumption - standard of preponderance of probabilities - reasons to believe. Earlier, dishonour of cheque was dealt through IPC provisions. Amendment to NI Act introduced Chapter VIII to enhance acceptability of cheques and prevent harassment. Proceedings u/s 138 can be initiated even if cheque issued as security and subsequently dishonoured. Three conditions: cheque presented within validity, demand made, drawer failed to pay within 15 days. Limitation of 30 days to initiate proceedings. Presumption survives subject to contrary not proved regarding consideration or discharge of debt. Signature on blank cheque sufficient to trigger presumption u/s 139. Appellant established respondent's signature, presumption to arise. Respondent shifted weight through preponderance of probabilities. No perversity or lack of evidence against respondent. Concurrent findings backed by evidence appraisal. Appeal dismissed.
Dishonour of cheque - insufficient funds - presumption - standard of preponderance of probabilities - reasons to believe. Earlier, dishonour of cheque was dealt through IPC provisions. Amendment to NI Act introduced Chapter VIII to enhance acceptability of cheques and prevent harassment. Proceedings u/s 138 can be initiated even if cheque issued as security and subsequently dishonoured. Three conditions: cheque presented within validity, demand made, drawer failed to pay within 15 days. Limitation of 30 days to initiate proceedings. Presumption survives subject to contrary not proved regarding consideration or discharge of debt. Signature on blank cheque sufficient to trigger presumption u/s 139. Appellant established respondent's signature, presumption to arise. Respondent shifted weight through preponderance of probabilities. No perversity or lack of evidence against respondent. Concurrent findings backed by evidence appraisal. Appeal dismissed.
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