Transfer pricing comparability under TNMM: foreign exchange loss on ECB excluded from operating cost, and a functionally dissimilar comparator removed...
Fake AI-generated precedents vitiate adjudication, with unverified citations contaminating the decision-making process and undermining the rule of law...
Dishonor of Cheque - Once the signature is admitted and execution is proved by the appellant by examining the independent witnesses, there is a presumption that the appellant has executed a promissory note for the valuable consideration. Therefore, under Section 118 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, no doubt, the said presumption is rebuttable presumption. The appellant has not rebutted the said presumption in the manner known to law. - HC
Dishonor of Cheque - Once the signature is admitted and execution is proved by the appellant by examining the independent witnesses, there is a presumption that the appellant has executed a promissory note for the valuable consideration. Therefore, under Section 118 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, no doubt, the said presumption is rebuttable presumption. The appellant has not rebutted the said presumption in the manner known to law. - HC
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