Transfer-pricing treatment of ITeS margins excludes pass-through tax recoveries and separate delayed-receivables interest after working-capital adjust...
Capacity-utilisation adjustments under TNMM can neutralise substantiated COVID-related idle costs where underutilisation materially affects profitabil...
TNMM functional comparability requires excluding rice manufacturers from a pure Basmati rice trader's benchmark and recognising operating export recei...
Working-capital adjustment subsumes delayed-receivable effects in TNMM benchmarking of captive software-development services, avoiding separate notion...
Transfer-pricing comparability requires exclusion of financially illogical super-profit comparables and correction of unsupported annual-report and ma...
Charitable character assessment preserves Section 80G approval despite inclusive spiritual teachings and incidental religious expenditure within the s...
Penalty proceedings for cash-loan acceptance require assessment proceedings and recorded Assessing Officer satisfaction; absent these, the proceedings...
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Scope of the Drawer or Maker or acceptor under Negotiable instrument act - recovery from the surety - there is a contract that has the effect of varying the prescription in Section 37 read with Section 33 of the NI Act as regards acceptance of liability as a primary obligor by a person other than the drawee or drawee in need or acceptor for honour. On the facts of this case, however, it does not make a material difference whether the second Defendant's obligation is as principal debtor under a contract to the contrary or as surety because the first Defendant failed or refused to pay for goods received, thereby triggering the liability of the second Defendant even if considered as a surety. - Both the first and second Defendants are jointly and severally liable - HC
Scope of the Drawer or Maker or acceptor under Negotiable instrument act - recovery from the surety - there is a contract that has the effect of varying the prescription in Section 37 read with Section 33 of the NI Act as regards acceptance of liability as a primary obligor by a person other than the drawee or drawee in need or acceptor for honour. On the facts of this case, however, it does not make a material difference whether the second Defendant's obligation is as principal debtor under a contract to the contrary or as surety because the first Defendant failed or refused to pay for goods received, thereby triggering the liability of the second Defendant even if considered as a surety. - Both the first and second Defendants are jointly and severally liable - HC
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