Functional comparability under TNMM requires highway contract benchmarks to reflect operation, maintenance and transfer activities, requiring fresh be...

Carry-forward of losses remains available to educational trusts assessed as Associations of Persons despite absent charitable registration.

Unexercised stock option repurchase constitutes transfer of a capital asset and is taxable as long-term capital gains.

Permanent establishment taxation addresses head-office interest, arm's length guarantees, capital hedges, refund interest, and treaty tax ceilings.

Satellite transponder services are not royalty where customers receive communications without rights to use equipment or processes.

Competent authority approval after three years is jurisdictional; reassessment based on invalid sanction is void from inception.

Customs valuation and anti-dumping duty disputes must be appealed to the Supreme Court, not the High Court.

Customs Broker due diligence requires evidence of knowledge or collusion before liability for an importer's misdeclaration arises.

Misdeclaration of imported goods requires supporting evidence, while redemption fine depends on market price and profit margin determination.

Objective characteristics govern magnesium bis-glycinate chelate classification as an amino-acid coordination compound, not a food preparation or anti...

Independent professional certification requires pleaded knowledge or complicity for criminal liability; untimely complaints remain barred by limitatio...

Proof of software import is essential for foreign-exchange remittances, and responsible officers may incur vicarious FEMA liability.

FEMA compliance turns on valid approval, substantive escrow arrangements, officer due diligence, and residential status for repatriation duties.

Examination-related service exemption covers integral services provided to schools, defeating tax demand, extended limitation and penalties.

Agreement to tolerate an act requires a separate contract, so retained insurance premiums escape service tax.

Vicarious cheque dishonour liability cannot arise from family ties where the accused neither drew nor maintained the account.

Customs tariff values for edible oils, metals and areca nuts are revised through substituted valuation tables effective August 2026.

Customs handling authorisation expands to Umarwada, Ankleshwar, Bharuch for unloading imports and loading export goods at an Inland Container Depot.

Anti-dumping duty on untreated fumed silica imports from China PR remains effective until February 2027, subject to earlier change.

Export bonded trucking renewal permits sealed road transshipment of air cargo, subject to bond accountability and customs transit conditions.