Cross-examination rights and corroborated evidence limit customs penalties for misdeclaration in genuine import transactions involving documented clea...
Tariff classification of vehicle gear components follows the specific gearing entry, displacing motor-vehicle parts classification and related liabili...
Necessary-party requirements limit impleadment of independent entities, while deferred consideration does not create an appealable adverse determinati...
Food supplement classification requires common parlance and authoritative tests, preventing treatment as proprietary Ayurvedic medicines without suppo...
Specified regulatory authority income receives conditional tax exemption, subject to non-commercial activity, unchanged income character, and return f...
Tax exemption for regulatory authority income applies retrospectively, subject to non-commercial activity, unchanged income sources, and return-filing...
Dishonor of Cheque - Accused took a specific defence that the cheque in question was obtained by the complainant by exercising force and that the same was a blank cheque. The complainant misused the blank cheque and filed a false complaint. Even though a specific defence is taken by the accused, he has not probabilised the same. When the accused admits issuance of the cheque in favour of the complainant, the presumption under Section 139 of N.I. Act arises and unless the accused rebuts the presumption, he is liable for conviction.- HC
Dishonor of Cheque - Accused took a specific defence that the cheque in question was obtained by the complainant by exercising force and that the same was a blank cheque. The complainant misused the blank cheque and filed a false complaint. Even though a specific defence is taken by the accused, he has not probabilised the same. When the accused admits issuance of the cheque in favour of the complainant, the presumption under Section 139 of N.I. Act arises and unless the accused rebuts the presumption, he is liable for conviction.- HC
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