Fair-rent assessment requires consideration of lease terms, valuation principles and prevailing market rent; the certificate was quashed for fresh rev...
Document Identification Number compliance is satisfied when electronically communicated orders are promptly authenticated through a correctly identifi...
Industrial shrimp-feed machinery classification follows its commercial function, placing integrated production plants under the specific industrial fo...
Dishonor of Cheque - Generally, in the criminal law, mens rea is an essential component of crime but dishonour of cheque is a criminal offence where there is no need to prove a mens rea. The offence under Section 138 would be made out only if the dishonoured cheque is drawn by the drawer in favour of the drawee for discharge of legally enforceable debt or liability. Essentially, there is element of civil liability between the drawer and drawee of the cheque but if the ingredients of Section 138 are made out, it is a criminal offence to be tried in the manner provided under Section 142 of the NI Act. - HC
Dishonor of Cheque - Generally, in the criminal law, mens rea is an essential component of crime but dishonour of cheque is a criminal offence where there is no need to prove a mens rea. The offence under Section 138 would be made out only if the dishonoured cheque is drawn by the drawer in favour of the drawee for discharge of legally enforceable debt or liability. Essentially, there is element of civil liability between the drawer and drawee of the cheque but if the ingredients of Section 138 are made out, it is a criminal offence to be tried in the manner provided under Section 142 of the NI Act. - HC
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