Transfer pricing comparability under TNMM: foreign exchange loss on ECB excluded from operating cost, and a functionally dissimilar comparator removed...
Fake AI-generated precedents vitiate adjudication, with unverified citations contaminating the decision-making process and undermining the rule of law...
Dishonor of Cheque - pre-existing liability - Rebuttal of presumption - The appellant has inherent weaknesses in his case. All the same, even if there are lapses in the defence version that cannot be taken use of by the appellant. Here the appellant has not established that the cheque was issued in a transaction as alleged by him and therefore, the presumptions under Sections 118 and 139 of the N.I. Act cannot be drawn in favour of the appellant. - HC
Dishonor of Cheque - pre-existing liability - Rebuttal of presumption - The appellant has inherent weaknesses in his case. All the same, even if there are lapses in the defence version that cannot be taken use of by the appellant. Here the appellant has not established that the cheque was issued in a transaction as alleged by him and therefore, the presumptions under Sections 118 and 139 of the N.I. Act cannot be drawn in favour of the appellant. - HC
Note: It is a system-generated summary and is for quick reference only.