Works contract classification governs composite layout-development contracts where VAT-paid goods are transferred alongside construction and infrastru...
Specified income tax exemption for pollution control body remains conditional on non-commercial activity, unchanged income character, and return filin...
Jurisdictional facts in certificate-of-origin discrepancies can support customs show-cause proceedings, leaving factual explanations for departmental ...
Dishonor of Cheque - pre-existing liability - Rebuttal of presumption - The appellant has inherent weaknesses in his case. All the same, even if there are lapses in the defence version that cannot be taken use of by the appellant. Here the appellant has not established that the cheque was issued in a transaction as alleged by him and therefore, the presumptions under Sections 118 and 139 of the N.I. Act cannot be drawn in favour of the appellant. - HC
Dishonor of Cheque - pre-existing liability - Rebuttal of presumption - The appellant has inherent weaknesses in his case. All the same, even if there are lapses in the defence version that cannot be taken use of by the appellant. Here the appellant has not established that the cheque was issued in a transaction as alleged by him and therefore, the presumptions under Sections 118 and 139 of the N.I. Act cannot be drawn in favour of the appellant. - HC
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