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    July 15, 2026   Case LawsIncome Tax
    Unascertainable TDR acquisition cost defeats capital gains computation; later deeming rules cannot retrospectively create chargeability
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    July 15, 2026   Case LawsIncome Tax
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    July 15, 2026   Case LawsIncome Tax
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    July 15, 2026   Case LawsIncome Tax
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    July 15, 2026   Case LawsBenami Property
    Fictitious-name benami transactions may justify attachment in the beneficial owner's account when cumulative evidence disproves genuine supply
    July 15, 2026   Case LawsCustoms
    Sufficient cause limits late filing fees where supplementary cargo declarations reflect genuine bulk measurement and moisture variations
    July 15, 2026   Case LawsCustoms
    Specific tariff classification for ophthalmic instruments and extended limitation principles determine the treatment of duty demands, confiscation, an...
    July 15, 2026   Case LawsCustoms
    Duty-free EOU input destruction under intimation attracts no duty; clarificatory amendments apply retrospectively and penalties fail absent suppressio...
    July 15, 2026   Case LawsCustoms
    Principal function test classifies interactive smart display as a monitor, with its dedicated floor stand classified as apparatus-specific equipment
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    July 15, 2026   Case LawsCustoms
    Prior court decision bars advance ruling on settled classification, and partial rejection prevents separate consideration of related exemption claims
    July 15, 2026   Case LawsCompanies Law
    Stamp-duty valuation of amalgamated shares requires current, relevant material; disputed demands may be remanded for fresh adjudication.
    July 15, 2026   Case LawsCompanies Law
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    July 15, 2026   Case LawsSEBI
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    July 15, 2026   Case LawsIBC
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    July 15, 2026   Case LawsIBC
    Retrospective operation of registered assignment deeds and production of trust deeds support fresh consideration of insolvency proceedings on merits
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    July 15, 2026   Case Laws Income Tax
    Unascertainable TDR acquisition cost defeats capital gains computation; later deeming rules cannot retrospectively create chargeability
    July 15, 2026   Case Laws Income Tax
    Legal impossibility limits section 234A interest, while reverse indexation may support verified cost estimation for old property capital gains
    July 15, 2026   Case Laws Income Tax
    Separate maintenance agreements support business-income treatment, while replacement-loan interest may remain deductible for let-out property.
    July 15, 2026   Case Laws Income Tax
    Buying agency services remain business income, not technical fees, where procurement support lacks managerial, technical or consultancy character
    July 15, 2026   Case Laws Income Tax
    Registered property transfer fixes capital-gains tax year; absolute ownership governs assessment, with later-year tax credited appropriately
    July 15, 2026   Case Laws Income Tax
    Transfer pricing and tax deductions upheld on established principles, while employee contributions and warranty provisions returned for fresh examination
    July 15, 2026   Case Laws Income Tax
    Slump sale prevents repeat capital-gains taxation when later conveyance registration merely perfects title to transferred undertaking assets
    July 15, 2026   Case Laws Income Tax
    Captive transfer pricing relies on industrial consumer tariffs, while genuine quotations can benchmark effluent treatment transfers under the Other Method
    July 15, 2026   Case Laws Benami Property
    Fictitious-name benami transactions may justify attachment in the beneficial owner's account when cumulative evidence disproves genuine supply
    July 15, 2026   Case Laws Customs
    Sufficient cause limits late filing fees where supplementary cargo declarations reflect genuine bulk measurement and moisture variations
    July 15, 2026   Case Laws Customs
    Specific tariff classification for ophthalmic instruments and extended limitation principles determine the treatment of duty demands, confiscation, and penalties
    July 15, 2026   Case Laws Customs
    Duty-free EOU input destruction under intimation attracts no duty; clarificatory amendments apply retrospectively and penalties fail absent suppression.
    July 15, 2026   Case Laws Customs
    Principal function test classifies interactive smart display as a monitor, with its dedicated floor stand classified as apparatus-specific equipment
    July 15, 2026   Case Laws Customs
    Integrated golf function determines classification, placing launch monitors and simulators under other golf equipment rather than measuring instruments.
    July 15, 2026   Case Laws Customs
    Prior court decision bars advance ruling on settled classification, and partial rejection prevents separate consideration of related exemption claims
    July 15, 2026   Case Laws Companies Law
    Stamp-duty valuation of amalgamated shares requires current, relevant material; disputed demands may be remanded for fresh adjudication.
    July 15, 2026   Case Laws Companies Law
    Mandatory audit quality controls and Ind AS 109 interest recognition underpin misconduct findings against auditor and audit firm
    July 15, 2026   Case Laws SEBI
    Public servant status under anti-corruption law extends to recognised stock exchange leadership; constitutional and sanction challenges do not succeed preliminarily
    July 15, 2026   Case Laws IBC
    Acquiescence, homebuyer protection and clean-slate resolution principles prevent landowners from disrupting an integrated project through late termination.
    July 15, 2026   Case Laws IBC
    Retrospective operation of registered assignment deeds and production of trust deeds support fresh consideration of insolvency proceedings on merits

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      Home› Highlights › VAT and Sales Tax › 2019 › August, 2019 › This
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      VAT and Sales Tax

      Whether the expression ‘shall’ partakes the character of ‘may’ de...

      Understanding "Shall" as "May" in Rule 20(2): Flexibility Over Mandate Based on Legislative Intent.

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      VAT and Sales TaxAugust 13, 2019Case LawsHC
      Whether the expression ‘shall’ partakes the character of ‘may’ depends upon the intent of legislation, which requires to be achieved not only from the phraseology of the provision, but considering its nature, design and the consequences. Applying this principle, the word ‘shall’ used in rule 20(2) requires to be read as ‘may’
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