Effective opportunity to explain foreign bank credits required remand for fresh appellate consideration with supporting evidence.

Treaty benefit, goodwill depreciation and hedging costs: export commission disallowed, while key business deductions and depreciation claims succeeded...

Related-party interest deductions require excess over fair market value, while unsupported software and brokerage claims remain disallowable.

Scope of reassessment restricts unrelated additions when the recorded escapement issue is accepted without any addition.

Capital-gains exemption for under-construction flats remains available despite developer delay and may be admitted despite return-form omission.

Holding period of flat allotment rights runs from reservation, supporting long-term capital gain and indexation on surrender.

Undisclosed foreign asset classification requires an unexplained source; unrebutted affidavits and corroborative evidence defeated the Black Money Act...

Bona fide property-sale receipts supported by records may avoid cash-transaction penalties where genuineness and identity are established.

Satisfactory source evidence for foreign assets prevents their treatment as undisclosed assets and removes consequential Black Money Act penalty.

Customs exemption for EOU manufacturing inputs survives excess waste when authorised clearance occurs on payment of applicable duty.

Intentional aid is essential for abetment; a Customs House Agent employee need not verify customs-sealed container contents.

Bill of entry amendment remains available where loss evidence predates final clearance for home consumption after provisional assessment.

Provisional release security was moderated for non-IPR garments, with full bond retained pending provisional assessment.

Blood glucose monitoring systems fall under chemical analysis instruments, displacing classification as general medical and surgical instruments.

Discretionary confiscation under FEMA requires a reasoned factual exercise and is not automatic alongside monetary penalties.

Distinct money-laundering offence permits PMLA prosecution after predicate-offence conviction; double jeopardy does not apply.

Reasoned adjudication of crypto asset freezing required findings on ownership, platform control, knowledge, and nexus with proceeds of crime.

Proceeds of crime classification upheld where claimed salary and loan receipts lacked supporting employment, loan, and repayment evidence.

Statutory exemption certificates bind departmental authorities; a refund recovery notice cannot allege misrepresentation without the issuing committee...

Prima facie criminal liability for excise-duty evasion requires admissible independent evidence, not departmental adjudication orders alone.