Capital gains classification upheld where investment intent, prolonged holding and consistent prior tax treatment outweighed isolated flat sales.

Restricted government grants remain non-income, while block depreciation applies despite retirement of individual business assets from active use.

Revisionary jurisdiction is barred for appealed purchase issues and cannot replace a plausible assessment after inquiry.

Rejection of Books Requires Specific Accounting Defects; missing quality-wise stock details alone cannot support estimated-profit additions.

Foreign tax credit for partnership legal-service receipts remains available where overseas income is taxed in India and documented.

Commercial vehicle depreciation, scientifically determined warranty provisions and exempt-income disallowances were resolved in favour of the taxpayer...

Explained foreign life-insurance investments remain outside undisclosed-asset taxation, while foreign insurer maturity proceeds qualify for exemption.

Section 80P deduction for deposit income and strict reassessment limitation determine the treatment of consequential penalty proceedings.

Timely reassessment returns satisfy deduction-filing requirements, while revision fails where the assessment examined the deduction claim.

Inherited property sale proceeds require capital-gains treatment where ownership is supported by evidence, not suspicion or unverified signature doubt...

Cross-examination of retracted statements is essential where foundational evidence supports a benami allegation and documented funding explanations re...

Provisional release representations require a hearing and reasoned decision, while the merits of seizure remain open.

Customs transaction value rejection requires cogent proof of undervaluation; unsupported evidence cannot sustain duty demands or penalties.

Reliability of delayed sample re-testing: contemporaneous iron ore evidence supported export duty and cess exemption for qualifying fines.

Transaction-value rejection requires importer-specific admissible evidence; unsupported third-party material and unexplained residual valuation cannot...

Capital-goods exemption covers plant-modernisation accessories, while the import restriction applies only to earlier capital-goods components and spar...

Transferable DFIA licences: intact licences and unproved importer fraud prevented customs duty demand and extended limitation.

Country-of-origin misdeclaration requires authenticated proof; unsupported foreign intelligence cannot sustain confiscation, and unnotified penalties ...

Vegetable extract classification covers botanical extracts with inert carriers where drying and bulk pharmaceutical supply do not create a medicament.

Insolvency jurisdiction supports directions requiring suspended management to help identify and recover a corporate debtor's leased assets.