Functus officio bars intervention in disposed writ proceedings where applicants show no tangible subsisting right or necessary-party status.

Pre-emptive rights under articles invalidated outsider share transfers that bypassed mandatory notice, valuation and existing-member sale procedures.

Default bail and PMLA bail denied where timely supplementary complaint and statutory twin conditions defeated release.

Floating-rig service classification determines refund entitlement where tax was collected under Mining Service without legal authority.

Wheat export quota utilisation determines eligibility for reallocation, while underused quota may enter the common pool.

Omission of export refund restrictions applies to pending proceedings when no saving clause preserves the omitted rule's operation.

GST valuation of online gaming actionable claims follows Supreme Court findings, leaving show cause notice adjudication to proceed.

GST on actionable claims in online gaming and betting survives challenge, with valuation and retrospective amendments addressed.

Common Portal service alone does not validate GST notices or trigger appeal limitation without acknowledged receipt or response.

Alternative remedy and parallel GST proceedings: earlier CGST notice defeated the jurisdictional challenge, requiring recourse to statutory appeal.

Special procedure for time-barred GST appeals requires consideration of the extended filing window and prescribed payment condition.

Effective GST notice service requires meaningful hearing opportunity; portal-only ex parte assessment was set aside for fresh consideration.

Pre-cancellation GST liability survives registration cancellation; assessment remains unaltered where notice and hearing opportunities were not used.

Regular bail in alleged GST input tax credit fraud granted after considering compounding, custody, sentence, and business impact.

Business-fund deposit interest qualifies for section 80-IAB deduction, while exempt-income expenditure disallowance remains capped at exempt income.

NRE account remittances through compliant banking channels remain exempt, defeating unexplained investment and cash-credit additions.

Educational trust income application above the exemption threshold defeats reassessment where proposed disallowances create no taxable escapement.

Capital gains on mortgaged property remain payable on full sale consideration despite creditor appropriation of proceeds.

Fixed place permanent establishment requires evidence of business carried on through premises at the non-resident's disposal in India.

Leave encashment exemption: enhanced retirement benefit ceiling supports liberal application to pending non-government employee claims despite no expr...