Cross-examination and corroboration defeat penalty for alleged cash loan based only on third-party statements and loose papers.

Under-reporting penalty and 14A disallowance deleted where the notice was wrongly framed and no exempt income existed

Fair market value under section 50C must reflect existing property condition, not hypothetical development, and statutory valuation steps must be foll...

Search assessment additions require incriminating material; estimated stock and third-party ledger claims failed, while limited profit addition surviv...

Bank tax deductions and depreciation claims upheld as unrealised forex gains and MAT challenges failed entirely

Section 10AA deduction and reassessment scope: partner remuneration omission and unrelated additions were both held unsustainable

Protective addition and commission income fail where cash and profit were owned up by others; seized gold requires verification

ESOP discount deduction and no-exempt-income rule under section 14A supported deletion of tax disallowances.

Reopening after scrutiny assessment fails where recorded reasons rest on a false premise and show non-application of mind

Uncorroborated search material cannot sustain protective additions when seized papers lack corroboration and no fresh evidence emerges.

Section 153C jurisdiction turns on receipt of seized material date, not searched person's search date, for other person assessments.

DSIR-approved R&D deduction and APA-aligned transfer pricing adjustments were limited, while double disallowance was rejected.

Condonation of initial non-compliance with assessment notices bars penalty where later replies are accepted in assessment.

Re-export of illegally imported waste must go to the country of origin, and detention charges remain payable.

Customs seizure validity turns on contemporaneous material; goods stayed seized, but the vehicle was ordered released conditionally.

Strict compliance under Sabka Vishwas Scheme required; delayed payment caused declaration to lapse, though penalty was set aside.

Manufacture and exemption for gold articles: bars and coins held exempt, but medals dutiable for normal period

Patent illegality in arbitration: award set aside for ignoring vital evidence on GST in non-tendered works

Bank taxation principles limit FCTR taxation, exclude section 115JB for new banks, and invalidate stale-material reassessment.

Anti-dumping duty on PET resin imports from China continued after review found dumping, injury, and price undercutting.