Natural justice in insolvency-professional discipline requires disclosed material; notices based on extraneous material and ignored defences are vitia...
Development rights transfers treated as immovable property, while construction abatement applies and repeated non-payment permits extended service-tax...
Income Disclosure Scheme immunity and search-material requirements barred further share-transaction additions in unabated assessments under section 15...
Professional Clearing Members had no statutory duty or real-time regulatory visibility to verify individual Trading Member clients' debit and credit positions before collateral liquidation; the applicable framework treated the Trading Member as their constituent and restricted cross-use of margin only between Trading Members. No regulatory breach was established. Clearing committees could not order restitution of liquidated securities or block equivalent collateral, because stock-exchange bye-laws excluded monetary penalties and no substantive statutory power supported those measures. Individual clients had no claim against Professional Clearing Members for Trading Members' defaults under illegal assured-return schemes, absent privity or regulatory breach; remedies remained against Trading Members. Restitution orders were set aside, while the investor's cash-margin claim was not maintainable.
Professional Clearing Members had no statutory duty or real-time regulatory visibility to verify individual Trading Member clients' debit and credit positions before collateral liquidation; the applicable framework treated the Trading Member as their constituent and restricted cross-use of margin only between Trading Members. No regulatory breach was established. Clearing committees could not order restitution of liquidated securities or block equivalent collateral, because stock-exchange bye-laws excluded monetary penalties and no substantive statutory power supported those measures. Individual clients had no claim against Professional Clearing Members for Trading Members' defaults under illegal assured-return schemes, absent privity or regulatory breach; remedies remained against Trading Members. Restitution orders were set aside, while the investor's cash-margin claim was not maintainable.
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