Functional comparability under TNMM supported exclusion of ITeS comparables with R&D, intangibles, diversified operations, or unavailable segmental da...
Functional comparability governs selection of support-service and IT-enabled service comparables, with verification required for unresolved data and m...
Vicarious criminal liability of a non-signatory director for cheque dishonour requires specific allegations that, at the relevant time, the director was both in charge of and responsible for the company's business. Directorship alone does not establish liability. A complaint must disclose the director's role in day-to-day operations or financial transactions, or facts showing consent, connivance or neglect connected with the dishonoured cheque. Where the director was neither a party to the underlying agreement nor a cheque signatory and the complaint contains only general allegations, prosecution for cheque dishonour read with vicarious liability provisions cannot continue; the complaints and process were quashed against the director.
Vicarious criminal liability of a non-signatory director for cheque dishonour requires specific allegations that, at the relevant time, the director was both in charge of and responsible for the company's business. Directorship alone does not establish liability. A complaint must disclose the director's role in day-to-day operations or financial transactions, or facts showing consent, connivance or neglect connected with the dishonoured cheque. Where the director was neither a party to the underlying agreement nor a cheque signatory and the complaint contains only general allegations, prosecution for cheque dishonour read with vicarious liability provisions cannot continue; the complaints and process were quashed against the director.
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