Pre-enactment land-sale agreements escape stamp-duty value substitution where substantial banking-channel consideration was received before Section 43...
Customs valuation and classification require comparable evidence and assessment of imported goods in their actual condition, invalidating related pena...
Corporate guarantee liability becomes deductible in the previous year in which settlement fixes and crystallises the obligation. Where the settlement occurred in the previous year relevant to Assessment Year 1998-99, subsequent consent terms merely implemented and discharged the already determined liability; they did not defer the year of deduction. The resulting business-loss deduction was therefore allowable for Assessment Year 1998-99.
Corporate guarantee liability becomes deductible in the previous year in which settlement fixes and crystallises the obligation. Where the settlement occurred in the previous year relevant to Assessment Year 1998-99, subsequent consent terms merely implemented and discharged the already determined liability; they did not defer the year of deduction. The resulting business-loss deduction was therefore allowable for Assessment Year 1998-99.
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