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Cross-examination rights and corroborated evidence limit customs penalties for misdeclaration in genuine import transactions involving documented clea...
Tariff classification of vehicle gear components follows the specific gearing entry, displacing motor-vehicle parts classification and related liabili...
Necessary-party requirements limit impleadment of independent entities, while deferred consideration does not create an appealable adverse determinati...
Food supplement classification requires common parlance and authoritative tests, preventing treatment as proprietary Ayurvedic medicines without suppo...
Penalty notices under section 271(1)(c) must clearly identify whether the charge concerns concealment of income or furnishing inaccurate particulars. The two limbs are independent and may require different explanations and treatment; therefore, a notice retaining both alternatives without specifying the applicable limb denies the assessee a proper opportunity to defend. Recording satisfaction to initiate penalty proceedings does not cure this defect. Applying this principle, the High Court treated the defective notice as invalid, upheld deletion of the penalty, and dismissed the revenue's appeal.
Penalty notices under section 271(1)(c) must clearly identify whether the charge concerns concealment of income or furnishing inaccurate particulars. The two limbs are independent and may require different explanations and treatment; therefore, a notice retaining both alternatives without specifying the applicable limb denies the assessee a proper opportunity to defend. Recording satisfaction to initiate penalty proceedings does not cure this defect. Applying this principle, the High Court treated the defective notice as invalid, upheld deletion of the penalty, and dismissed the revenue's appeal.
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