Food supplement classification requires common parlance and authoritative tests, preventing treatment as proprietary Ayurvedic medicines without suppo...
Specified regulatory authority income receives conditional tax exemption, subject to non-commercial activity, unchanged income character, and return f...
Tax exemption for regulatory authority income applies retrospectively, subject to non-commercial activity, unchanged income sources, and return-filing...
Input tax credit conditions remain constitutionally valid, with eligible recipient claims considered under GST circulars and retrospective filing dead...
Bogus donation receipts justified commission income assessment and defeated political-party tax exemption for inaccurate accounts and reporting failur...
Section 141 of the Negotiable Instruments Act does not impose automatic vicarious liability on a director merely because of directorship. A cheque-dishonour complaint must specifically allege that the person was in charge of and responsible for the company's business when the offence occurred, or that it resulted from that person's consent, connivance or neglect. General allegations are inadequate, particularly where the person neither signed the cheques nor remained a director when they were issued and dishonoured. Statutory records establishing resignation before issuance of the cheques negate such liability, and continuation of proceedings in those circumstances constitutes abuse of process.
Section 141 of the Negotiable Instruments Act does not impose automatic vicarious liability on a director merely because of directorship. A cheque-dishonour complaint must specifically allege that the person was in charge of and responsible for the company's business when the offence occurred, or that it resulted from that person's consent, connivance or neglect. General allegations are inadequate, particularly where the person neither signed the cheques nor remained a director when they were issued and dishonoured. Statutory records establishing resignation before issuance of the cheques negate such liability, and continuation of proceedings in those circumstances constitutes abuse of process.
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