Transfer pricing comparability under TNMM: foreign exchange loss on ECB excluded from operating cost, and a functionally dissimilar comparator removed...
Fake AI-generated precedents vitiate adjudication, with unverified citations contaminating the decision-making process and undermining the rule of law...
Finality of prior adjudication barred a former director from challenging creditors' claims in winding-up proceedings in an individual capacity. Earlier proceedings between the former director and the Official Liquidator had conclusively determined that he lacked locus standi to raise such objections. Because that determination had attained finality between the parties and arose in identical circumstances, no different position applied. The appeal was therefore not maintainable and was dismissed with costs.
Finality of prior adjudication barred a former director from challenging creditors' claims in winding-up proceedings in an individual capacity. Earlier proceedings between the former director and the Official Liquidator had conclusively determined that he lacked locus standi to raise such objections. Because that determination had attained finality between the parties and arose in identical circumstances, no different position applied. The appeal was therefore not maintainable and was dismissed with costs.
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