Defined public benefit can retain charitable character; registration renewal requires examining genuine activities and legal compliance, not surplus a...
Capital reduction is distinct from share buy-back, preventing buy-back tax; restructuring interest and related business deductions also survive scruti...
Transfer pricing and tax deductions upheld on established principles, while employee contributions and warranty provisions returned for fresh examinat...
Captive transfer pricing relies on industrial consumer tariffs, while genuine quotations can benchmark effluent treatment transfers under the Other Me...
Specific tariff classification for ophthalmic instruments and extended limitation principles determine the treatment of duty demands, confiscation, an...
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Personal liability for cheque dishonour under the Negotiable Instruments Act requires proof of a legally enforceable debt owed by the drawer. Documentary material transferring trust management and liabilities to newly inducted trustees, together with rent receipts recognising payments by the trust's management, supported the position that the alleged dues belonged to the trust rather than the former trustee personally. Uncorroborated allegations of advances did not establish personal liability and could rebut statutory presumptions. An acquittal may be disturbed on appeal only where it is perverse, manifestly illegal, or unsupported by evidence; where two reasonable views are possible, the reinforced presumption of innocence precludes interference.
Personal liability for cheque dishonour under the Negotiable Instruments Act requires proof of a legally enforceable debt owed by the drawer. Documentary material transferring trust management and liabilities to newly inducted trustees, together with rent receipts recognising payments by the trust's management, supported the position that the alleged dues belonged to the trust rather than the former trustee personally. Uncorroborated allegations of advances did not establish personal liability and could rebut statutory presumptions. An acquittal may be disturbed on appeal only where it is perverse, manifestly illegal, or unsupported by evidence; where two reasonable views are possible, the reinforced presumption of innocence precludes interference.
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