Bona fide disclosure requirements govern under-reporting penalties, and post-penalty immunity applications cannot secure available statutory protectio...
Certificate-of-origin verification procedure governs preferential customs benefits; denial without retroactive verification was set aside with consequ...
Disciplinary Committee jurisdiction and mandatory investigation requirements invalidated cancellation of an insolvency professional's registration and...
Retention of seized property survives where recorded reasons support proceeds of crime, while stayed investigation periods are excluded from limitatio...
Manufacture for central excise requires transformation into a new, distinct and marketable commodity with a separate name, character and use; labour, skill, expense or value addition alone does not suffice. Kitting imported photocopier modules by unpacking and placing them into customer-specific sets was not manufacture where the components remained in original packing, no physical assembly occurred at the warehouse, and relevant fittings had been made abroad. Note 6 to Section XVI could not deem manufacture because the modules were imported and assessed as complete machines, with no subsequent conversion of incomplete goods into complete articles. Rule 2(a) governs classification only and does not determine manufacture. The excise-duty demand was unsustainable.
Manufacture for central excise requires transformation into a new, distinct and marketable commodity with a separate name, character and use; labour, skill, expense or value addition alone does not suffice. Kitting imported photocopier modules by unpacking and placing them into customer-specific sets was not manufacture where the components remained in original packing, no physical assembly occurred at the warehouse, and relevant fittings had been made abroad. Note 6 to Section XVI could not deem manufacture because the modules were imported and assessed as complete machines, with no subsequent conversion of incomplete goods into complete articles. Rule 2(a) governs classification only and does not determine manufacture. The excise-duty demand was unsustainable.
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