Bona fide disclosure requirements govern under-reporting penalties, and post-penalty immunity applications cannot secure available statutory protectio...
Certificate-of-origin verification procedure governs preferential customs benefits; denial without retroactive verification was set aside with consequ...
Disciplinary Committee jurisdiction and mandatory investigation requirements invalidated cancellation of an insolvency professional's registration and...
Retention of seized property survives where recorded reasons support proceeds of crime, while stayed investigation periods are excluded from limitatio...
Diamond grading and certification payments to non-resident laboratories are analysed as consideration for independent examination and reporting of a diamond's physical characteristics, rather than managerial, technical or consultancy services. The use of specialised personnel or equipment does not alone convert such payments into fees for technical services. Under the India-USA and India-UK treaty provisions on fees for included services, a grading report does not "make available" technical knowledge, skill, know-how or a process because it does not enable the recipient to conduct future grading independently. In the absence of a permanent establishment, the payments are discussed as business profits not chargeable to tax in India, with no related withholding obligation.
Diamond grading and certification payments to non-resident laboratories are analysed as consideration for independent examination and reporting of a diamond's physical characteristics, rather than managerial, technical or consultancy services. The use of specialised personnel or equipment does not alone convert such payments into fees for technical services. Under the India-USA and India-UK treaty provisions on fees for included services, a grading report does not "make available" technical knowledge, skill, know-how or a process because it does not enable the recipient to conduct future grading independently. In the absence of a permanent establishment, the payments are discussed as business profits not chargeable to tax in India, with no related withholding obligation.
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