Business expenditure deduction requires proof of genuine commission payments and commercial allowability; turnover growth alone cannot validate the cl...
Article 8 treaty coverage excluded third-party airline support services, while documented demonetisation cash receipts remained accepted business inco...
Functional comparability under TNMM requires highway contract benchmarks to reflect operation, maintenance and transfer activities, requiring fresh be...
Vicarious liability under FEMA arises where a person is in charge of and responsible for the company's business; office alone does not establish that responsibility. The Financial Advisor and Chief Accounts Officer's authority to sign export-related, import and bank-account documents established assigned responsibility for export transactions, making him liable for neglect in the company's non-realisation of export proceeds, although consent or connivance was not proved. FEMA penalties are civil and may apply to technical or procedural contraventions without proving mens rea. The Tribunal sustained liability for neglect but limited the penalty to the pre-deposit already made and deleted the balance.
Vicarious liability under FEMA arises where a person is in charge of and responsible for the company's business; office alone does not establish that responsibility. The Financial Advisor and Chief Accounts Officer's authority to sign export-related, import and bank-account documents established assigned responsibility for export transactions, making him liable for neglect in the company's non-realisation of export proceeds, although consent or connivance was not proved. FEMA penalties are civil and may apply to technical or procedural contraventions without proving mens rea. The Tribunal sustained liability for neglect but limited the penalty to the pre-deposit already made and deleted the balance.
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