Tariff classification of vehicle gear components follows the specific gearing entry, displacing motor-vehicle parts classification and related liabili...
Necessary-party requirements limit impleadment of independent entities, while deferred consideration does not create an appealable adverse determinati...
Food supplement classification requires common parlance and authoritative tests, preventing treatment as proprietary Ayurvedic medicines without suppo...
Specified regulatory authority income receives conditional tax exemption, subject to non-commercial activity, unchanged income character, and return f...
Tax exemption for regulatory authority income applies retrospectively, subject to non-commercial activity, unchanged income sources, and return-filing...
Vicarious liability under FEMA arises where a person is in charge of and responsible for the company's business; office alone does not establish that responsibility. The Financial Advisor and Chief Accounts Officer's authority to sign export-related, import and bank-account documents established assigned responsibility for export transactions, making him liable for neglect in the company's non-realisation of export proceeds, although consent or connivance was not proved. FEMA penalties are civil and may apply to technical or procedural contraventions without proving mens rea. The Tribunal sustained liability for neglect but limited the penalty to the pre-deposit already made and deleted the balance.
Vicarious liability under FEMA arises where a person is in charge of and responsible for the company's business; office alone does not establish that responsibility. The Financial Advisor and Chief Accounts Officer's authority to sign export-related, import and bank-account documents established assigned responsibility for export transactions, making him liable for neglect in the company's non-realisation of export proceeds, although consent or connivance was not proved. FEMA penalties are civil and may apply to technical or procedural contraventions without proving mens rea. The Tribunal sustained liability for neglect but limited the penalty to the pre-deposit already made and deleted the balance.
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