Bona fide disclosure requirements govern under-reporting penalties, and post-penalty immunity applications cannot secure available statutory protectio...
Certificate-of-origin verification procedure governs preferential customs benefits; denial without retroactive verification was set aside with consequ...
Disciplinary Committee jurisdiction and mandatory investigation requirements invalidated cancellation of an insolvency professional's registration and...
Retention of seized property survives where recorded reasons support proceeds of crime, while stayed investigation periods are excluded from limitatio...
Article 226 scrutiny extends to private bodies performing public functions where their actions have a public law character and affect legally protected rights. A banking-sector Caution List maintained under RBI guidelines could therefore be challenged when it affected an advocate's reputation, engagements and right to practise. Fraud requires dishonest intent or deliberate facilitation; alleged negligence in a title-verification opinion, without fraud, collusion or criminality, cannot justify listing. Statutory disciplinary jurisdiction over advocates' professional conduct rests exclusively with Bar Councils, so banks cannot use the Caution List to determine misconduct. The advocate's entry was removed, and the Bar Council of India was directed to audit disciplinary mechanisms.
Article 226 scrutiny extends to private bodies performing public functions where their actions have a public law character and affect legally protected rights. A banking-sector Caution List maintained under RBI guidelines could therefore be challenged when it affected an advocate's reputation, engagements and right to practise. Fraud requires dishonest intent or deliberate facilitation; alleged negligence in a title-verification opinion, without fraud, collusion or criminality, cannot justify listing. Statutory disciplinary jurisdiction over advocates' professional conduct rests exclusively with Bar Councils, so banks cannot use the Caution List to determine misconduct. The advocate's entry was removed, and the Bar Council of India was directed to audit disciplinary mechanisms.
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