Trademark depreciation and section 14A adjustments: ITAT applies consistency, independent book-profit computation, and no disallowance without exempt ...
Rebuttable search presumptions and corroboration standards shaped deletion of unsubstantiated additions, while rental income and limited profit estima...
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Section 2(22)(e) deems certain loans or advances to be dividends but enlarges only the meaning of dividend, not shareholder status. Its Explanation 3 defines "concern" as a HUF, firm, association of persons, body of individuals or company, and does not include a public Trust. A loan or advance from a private company to a public Trust therefore ordinarily cannot be treated as deemed dividend merely because the managing trustee holds substantial shares in the lender. The position may differ if the Trust is itself a qualifying shareholder or acts as a conduit for the trustee's individual benefit. On the stated facts, the reopening order and notices were quashed.
Section 2(22)(e) deems certain loans or advances to be dividends but enlarges only the meaning of dividend, not shareholder status. Its Explanation 3 defines "concern" as a HUF, firm, association of persons, body of individuals or company, and does not include a public Trust. A loan or advance from a private company to a public Trust therefore ordinarily cannot be treated as deemed dividend merely because the managing trustee holds substantial shares in the lender. The position may differ if the Trust is itself a qualifying shareholder or acts as a conduit for the trustee's individual benefit. On the stated facts, the reopening order and notices were quashed.
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