Tariff classification of vehicle gear components follows the specific gearing entry, displacing motor-vehicle parts classification and related liabili...
Necessary-party requirements limit impleadment of independent entities, while deferred consideration does not create an appealable adverse determinati...
Food supplement classification requires common parlance and authoritative tests, preventing treatment as proprietary Ayurvedic medicines without suppo...
Specified regulatory authority income receives conditional tax exemption, subject to non-commercial activity, unchanged income character, and return f...
Tax exemption for regulatory authority income applies retrospectively, subject to non-commercial activity, unchanged income sources, and return-filing...
Cheque-dishonour complaints may be instituted only by the payee or a holder in due course. The notes explain that the statutory presumption applies to a holder entitled in their own name to possess the cheque and recover its amount. A deceased payee's spouse was neither the named payee nor an endorsed holder, and the complaints disclosed no probate, letters of administration, succession certificate, or other judicial authority permitting recovery, demand, or valid discharge. As process was issued on the incorrect premise that the cheques were issued to the complainant, the statutory bar rendered the complaints not maintainable. The process orders and consequential proceedings were quashed to prevent abuse of process.
Cheque-dishonour complaints may be instituted only by the payee or a holder in due course. The notes explain that the statutory presumption applies to a holder entitled in their own name to possess the cheque and recover its amount. A deceased payee's spouse was neither the named payee nor an endorsed holder, and the complaints disclosed no probate, letters of administration, succession certificate, or other judicial authority permitting recovery, demand, or valid discharge. As process was issued on the incorrect premise that the cheques were issued to the complainant, the statutory bar rendered the complaints not maintainable. The process orders and consequential proceedings were quashed to prevent abuse of process.
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