Treaty benefit, goodwill depreciation and hedging costs: export commission disallowed, while key business deductions and depreciation claims succeeded...
Undisclosed foreign asset classification requires an unexplained source; unrebutted affidavits and corroborative evidence defeated the Black Money Act...
Under FEMA, section 13(1) prescribes a maximum penalty but neither fixes a penalty nor sets a minimum. Penalty quantum therefore lies within the adjudicating authority's judicial discretion, to be exercised on the facts and evidence. The Tribunal's discussion states that a reasoned penalty order based on the record should not be enhanced unless the Directorate demonstrates that the penalty was inadequate or that discretion was improperly exercised. In the stated context of a company director's penalty for foreign-exchange remittance contraventions, the Tribunal found no basis to interfere with the original quantum and dismissed the enhancement appeal.
Under FEMA, section 13(1) prescribes a maximum penalty but neither fixes a penalty nor sets a minimum. Penalty quantum therefore lies within the adjudicating authority's judicial discretion, to be exercised on the facts and evidence. The Tribunal's discussion states that a reasoned penalty order based on the record should not be enhanced unless the Directorate demonstrates that the penalty was inadequate or that discretion was improperly exercised. In the stated context of a company director's penalty for foreign-exchange remittance contraventions, the Tribunal found no basis to interfere with the original quantum and dismissed the enhancement appeal.
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