Tariff classification of vehicle gear components follows the specific gearing entry, displacing motor-vehicle parts classification and related liabili...
Necessary-party requirements limit impleadment of independent entities, while deferred consideration does not create an appealable adverse determinati...
Food supplement classification requires common parlance and authoritative tests, preventing treatment as proprietary Ayurvedic medicines without suppo...
Specified regulatory authority income receives conditional tax exemption, subject to non-commercial activity, unchanged income character, and return f...
Tax exemption for regulatory authority income applies retrospectively, subject to non-commercial activity, unchanged income sources, and return-filing...
Statutory limits on the composition of a Micro and Small Enterprises Facilitation Council are mandatory: a Council must comprise three to five members, and a body exceeding that limit lacks jurisdiction to render an award. The notes explain that awards of a Facilitation Council ordinarily follow the arbitral set-aside mechanism, subject to the statutory pre-deposit requirement. However, writ jurisdiction may be exercised exceptionally despite that alternative remedy where the Council's constitution is ultra vires, the award is void for inherent lack of jurisdiction, or there is no valid award in law. An award and consequential review order made by an improperly constituted Council were quashed, with remittal to a duly constituted Council for fresh adjudication.
Statutory limits on the composition of a Micro and Small Enterprises Facilitation Council are mandatory: a Council must comprise three to five members, and a body exceeding that limit lacks jurisdiction to render an award. The notes explain that awards of a Facilitation Council ordinarily follow the arbitral set-aside mechanism, subject to the statutory pre-deposit requirement. However, writ jurisdiction may be exercised exceptionally despite that alternative remedy where the Council's constitution is ultra vires, the award is void for inherent lack of jurisdiction, or there is no valid award in law. An award and consequential review order made by an improperly constituted Council were quashed, with remittal to a duly constituted Council for fresh adjudication.
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