Reassessment and fee-for-technical-services classification: reopening upheld, but certain reimbursements and mobilization charges fell outside treaty ...
Section 80P deduction for co-operative societies remains available despite nominal members and housing society status, with limited interest income tr...
Customs confiscation requires a foundational reasonable belief of smuggling before the burden of proof can shift for notified gold; purity alone does not establish foreign origin or smuggled character. Foreign markings may establish prima facie foreign origin but, without corroborative evidence of smuggling, do not justify absolute confiscation; restricted gold may ordinarily be redeemed. Currency can be confiscated as sale proceeds only where the Department proves a clear nexus with sales of smuggled goods. Reliance on witness statements requires an opportunity for cross-examination and compliance with statutory conditions governing their use. Penalty is not automatic and must rest on proof of knowledge, intent or active involvement, while remaining proportionate.
Customs confiscation requires a foundational reasonable belief of smuggling before the burden of proof can shift for notified gold; purity alone does not establish foreign origin or smuggled character. Foreign markings may establish prima facie foreign origin but, without corroborative evidence of smuggling, do not justify absolute confiscation; restricted gold may ordinarily be redeemed. Currency can be confiscated as sale proceeds only where the Department proves a clear nexus with sales of smuggled goods. Reliance on witness statements requires an opportunity for cross-examination and compliance with statutory conditions governing their use. Penalty is not automatic and must rest on proof of knowledge, intent or active involvement, while remaining proportionate.
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