Tariff classification of vehicle gear components follows the specific gearing entry, displacing motor-vehicle parts classification and related liabili...
Necessary-party requirements limit impleadment of independent entities, while deferred consideration does not create an appealable adverse determinati...
Food supplement classification requires common parlance and authoritative tests, preventing treatment as proprietary Ayurvedic medicines without suppo...
Specified regulatory authority income receives conditional tax exemption, subject to non-commercial activity, unchanged income character, and return f...
Tax exemption for regulatory authority income applies retrospectively, subject to non-commercial activity, unchanged income sources, and return-filing...
Vicarious liability of directors for cheque dishonour under Section 141 of the Negotiable Instruments Act requires specific averments showing how and in what manner each director was in charge of, and responsible for, the company's business. A general statement that all directors managed daily affairs is insufficient, particularly where the complaint neither assigns an individual role nor identifies the cheque signatory. The notes state that absent these foundational allegations, proceedings against a non-signatory director amount to abuse of process and may be quashed insofar as that director is concerned.
Vicarious liability of directors for cheque dishonour under Section 141 of the Negotiable Instruments Act requires specific averments showing how and in what manner each director was in charge of, and responsible for, the company's business. A general statement that all directors managed daily affairs is insufficient, particularly where the complaint neither assigns an individual role nor identifies the cheque signatory. The notes state that absent these foundational allegations, proceedings against a non-signatory director amount to abuse of process and may be quashed insofar as that director is concerned.
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