Proportionality in company penalty quantification requires aggravating and mitigating factors; mechanical multiplication of director liability is impe...
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Under FEMA, confiscation of currency, securities, money or property involved in a contravention is discretionary and may be ordered in addition to a penalty; it is neither mandatory nor tied to a compulsory maximum penalty. The discretion must be exercised judiciously on the facts and evidence. The notes state that the appellant did not show that the Adjudicating Authority failed to apply its mind or that refusing confiscation caused a miscarriage of justice. Accordingly, the Tribunal upheld the refusal to confiscate shares transferred to foreign investors without Reserve Bank permission and found no basis to interfere with the penalty order.
Under FEMA, confiscation of currency, securities, money or property involved in a contravention is discretionary and may be ordered in addition to a penalty; it is neither mandatory nor tied to a compulsory maximum penalty. The discretion must be exercised judiciously on the facts and evidence. The notes state that the appellant did not show that the Adjudicating Authority failed to apply its mind or that refusing confiscation caused a miscarriage of justice. Accordingly, the Tribunal upheld the refusal to confiscate shares transferred to foreign investors without Reserve Bank permission and found no basis to interfere with the penalty order.
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