Defined public benefit can retain charitable character; registration renewal requires examining genuine activities and legal compliance, not surplus a...
Capital reduction is distinct from share buy-back, preventing buy-back tax; restructuring interest and related business deductions also survive scruti...
Transfer pricing and tax deductions upheld on established principles, while employee contributions and warranty provisions returned for fresh examinat...
Captive transfer pricing relies on industrial consumer tariffs, while genuine quotations can benchmark effluent treatment transfers under the Other Me...
Specific tariff classification for ophthalmic instruments and extended limitation principles determine the treatment of duty demands, confiscation, an...
Integrated golf function determines classification, placing launch monitors and simulators under other golf equipment rather than measuring instrument...
Financial debt requires disbursement against consideration for the time value of money. A real estate allottee may be deemed to have advanced a debt with the commercial effect of borrowing only where the claimant has disbursed an amount to the corporate debtor. Where a flat is allotted solely to compensate unpaid advertisement service charges under an invoice, no such disbursement occurs. The claim therefore does not constitute financial debt, and the service provider cannot be recognised as a financial creditor under the insolvency framework.
Financial debt requires disbursement against consideration for the time value of money. A real estate allottee may be deemed to have advanced a debt with the commercial effect of borrowing only where the claimant has disbursed an amount to the corporate debtor. Where a flat is allotted solely to compensate unpaid advertisement service charges under an invoice, no such disbursement occurs. The claim therefore does not constitute financial debt, and the service provider cannot be recognised as a financial creditor under the insolvency framework.
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