Vicarious liability for dishonoured company cheques may extend to non-signatory directors where complaints contain foundational responsibility avermen...
Charitable registration turns on predominant purpose and genuine activities, while incidental fees and related-party rent require supporting adverse m...
MAT book-profit adjustments exclude disallowances for exempt-income expenditure and demerger expenditure unless expressly listed under the statutory c...
Capital gains on transfers of old immovable properties should not be computed by mechanically treating acquisition cost as nil merely because historical records are incomplete. Statutory deductions for acquisition, improvement and transfer expenditure remain relevant, and fair market value at the statutory base date may be used where applicable. Reverse indexation or a time-gap method may help estimate historical value, subject to verification of guidance value, locality, property characteristics, inflation index, enhancement and calculations; the correct cost and capital gains must then be recomputed. Interest under section 234A is compensatory and cannot apply to delay that is not legally attributable to the taxpayer. Where no valid return could legally be filed before reassessment notice, that intervening period should be excluded under lex non cogit ad impossibilia.
Capital gains on transfers of old immovable properties should not be computed by mechanically treating acquisition cost as nil merely because historical records are incomplete. Statutory deductions for acquisition, improvement and transfer expenditure remain relevant, and fair market value at the statutory base date may be used where applicable. Reverse indexation or a time-gap method may help estimate historical value, subject to verification of guidance value, locality, property characteristics, inflation index, enhancement and calculations; the correct cost and capital gains must then be recomputed. Interest under section 234A is compensatory and cannot apply to delay that is not legally attributable to the taxpayer. Where no valid return could legally be filed before reassessment notice, that intervening period should be excluded under lex non cogit ad impossibilia.
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