Authentication of paper assessment orders upheld, while qualifying repairs, consumables and vendor advance write-offs remain deductible business claim...
Transaction value cannot be rejected solely on non-statutory valuation guidelines without corroborative evidence supporting reassessment of final cust...
Cross-examination rights and corroborated evidence limit customs penalties for misdeclaration in genuine import transactions involving documented clea...
Tariff classification of vehicle gear components follows the specific gearing entry, displacing motor-vehicle parts classification and related liabili...
Amounts transferred before the period in which the scheduled crime was committed do not constitute proceeds of crime merely because the underlying transaction later failed. The transfer for proposed purchase of commercial premises preceded the identified diversion of homebuyers' funds and therefore represented a potential civil or commercial claim, not criminal proceeds. Attachment of property of equivalent value is permissible only where proceeds of crime are unavailable and receipt or diversion of those proceeds by the concerned person is established. Enforcement proceedings cannot be used to recover an unrelated pre-crime-period business debt. The provisional attachment was therefore treated as unsustainable, without preventing lawful recovery through civil or other appropriate proceedings.
Amounts transferred before the period in which the scheduled crime was committed do not constitute proceeds of crime merely because the underlying transaction later failed. The transfer for proposed purchase of commercial premises preceded the identified diversion of homebuyers' funds and therefore represented a potential civil or commercial claim, not criminal proceeds. Attachment of property of equivalent value is permissible only where proceeds of crime are unavailable and receipt or diversion of those proceeds by the concerned person is established. Enforcement proceedings cannot be used to recover an unrelated pre-crime-period business debt. The provisional attachment was therefore treated as unsustainable, without preventing lawful recovery through civil or other appropriate proceedings.
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