Authentication of paper assessment orders upheld, while qualifying repairs, consumables and vendor advance write-offs remain deductible business claim...
Transaction value cannot be rejected solely on non-statutory valuation guidelines without corroborative evidence supporting reassessment of final cust...
Cross-examination rights and corroborated evidence limit customs penalties for misdeclaration in genuine import transactions involving documented clea...
Tariff classification of vehicle gear components follows the specific gearing entry, displacing motor-vehicle parts classification and related liabili...
A statutory demand notice under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act must demand the cheque amount, but it must also be read as a whole. Where part payments reduce the outstanding liability, a notice that identifies the original liability, dishonoured cheques, payments received, and computation of the balance is not invalid merely because it demands less than the aggregate cheque amounts. Whether the cheques continued to represent a legally enforceable debt, whether Section 56 applied, and the effect of absent endorsement were matters requiring evidence. Those issues could not be conclusively decided while reviewing a summoning order, so the complaint was allowed to proceed on its merits.
A statutory demand notice under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act must demand the cheque amount, but it must also be read as a whole. Where part payments reduce the outstanding liability, a notice that identifies the original liability, dishonoured cheques, payments received, and computation of the balance is not invalid merely because it demands less than the aggregate cheque amounts. Whether the cheques continued to represent a legally enforceable debt, whether Section 56 applied, and the effect of absent endorsement were matters requiring evidence. Those issues could not be conclusively decided while reviewing a summoning order, so the complaint was allowed to proceed on its merits.
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