Pre-enactment land-sale agreements escape stamp-duty value substitution where substantial banking-channel consideration was received before Section 43...
Customs valuation and classification require comparable evidence and assessment of imported goods in their actual condition, invalidating related pena...
Vicarious liability for non-realisation of export proceeds requires proof that the director was in charge of and responsible for the company's business at the time of the contravention. The Tribunal held that most exports occurred after the director's resignation, one claim had not yet matured for realisation, and the complaint did not identify his specific role or any material showing personal responsibility for the unrealised proceeds. In the absence of a factual foundation establishing day-to-day control or responsibility, the department failed to discharge the burden for fastening penalty, and the penalty was cancelled.
Vicarious liability for non-realisation of export proceeds requires proof that the director was in charge of and responsible for the company's business at the time of the contravention. The Tribunal held that most exports occurred after the director's resignation, one claim had not yet matured for realisation, and the complaint did not identify his specific role or any material showing personal responsibility for the unrealised proceeds. In the absence of a factual foundation establishing day-to-day control or responsibility, the department failed to discharge the burden for fastening penalty, and the penalty was cancelled.
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