Electricity network contributions remain revenue expenditure where ownership and maintenance stay with the electricity board, supporting business prof...
Commission expenditure linked to pharmaceutical marketing income qualifies as business deduction when recipient identity, genuineness and business pur...
In liquidation, a guarantor or assignee can claim as a secured creditor only to the extent it proves payment of the discharged debt and its subrogation into the original creditor's shoes; without documentary proof of full discharge, the claim remains limited to the amount actually paid. An assignment supported by a registered charge was treated as covering the secured debt itself, not merely the value of the hypothecated machinery, and computation issues such as exchange-rate conversion were left to the Chartered Accountant's report. Allegations that the assignment was fraudulent were not accepted on the facts stated.
In liquidation, a guarantor or assignee can claim as a secured creditor only to the extent it proves payment of the discharged debt and its subrogation into the original creditor's shoes; without documentary proof of full discharge, the claim remains limited to the amount actually paid. An assignment supported by a registered charge was treated as covering the secured debt itself, not merely the value of the hypothecated machinery, and computation issues such as exchange-rate conversion were left to the Chartered Accountant's report. Allegations that the assignment was fraudulent were not accepted on the facts stated.
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