Defined public benefit can retain charitable character; registration renewal requires examining genuine activities and legal compliance, not surplus a...
Capital reduction is distinct from share buy-back, preventing buy-back tax; restructuring interest and related business deductions also survive scruti...
Transfer pricing and tax deductions upheld on established principles, while employee contributions and warranty provisions returned for fresh examinat...
Captive transfer pricing relies on industrial consumer tariffs, while genuine quotations can benchmark effluent treatment transfers under the Other Me...
Specific tariff classification for ophthalmic instruments and extended limitation principles determine the treatment of duty demands, confiscation, an...
In cheque dishonour proceedings, once issuance of the cheque and the signature are admitted or proved, a reverse onus arises and the law presumes that the cheque was issued towards a legally enforceable debt or liability; the accused must rebut that presumption by a probable defence supported by cogent material, and a bare denial or vague explanation is insufficient. Dishonour on stop-payment instructions can still attract penal consequences where the cheque was presented within validity, returned unpaid, notice was issued in time, and payment was not made. On that basis, the acquittal was set aside and the complaint cases were remanded for fresh adjudication.
In cheque dishonour proceedings, once issuance of the cheque and the signature are admitted or proved, a reverse onus arises and the law presumes that the cheque was issued towards a legally enforceable debt or liability; the accused must rebut that presumption by a probable defence supported by cogent material, and a bare denial or vague explanation is insufficient. Dishonour on stop-payment instructions can still attract penal consequences where the cheque was presented within validity, returned unpaid, notice was issued in time, and payment was not made. On that basis, the acquittal was set aside and the complaint cases were remanded for fresh adjudication.
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