Power to receive documentary evidence upheld; documents referred in complaint may be placed on record without amendment where omission was inadvertent...
Proof of foreign public documents requires originals or certified diplomatic/notarial copies; inspection must occur in-magna presence and cross-examin...
Prior Sanction Requirement: absence of prescribed approval invalidates reassessment notice; limitation also bars notice if escaped income below thresh...
Eligibility for exemption depends on strict construction of the product description; reapers without binder are ineligible, but confiscation and penal...
Coal beneficiation through wet process is discussed as yielding a commercially improved output and, on the authorities cited, may fall within manufacture or production for purposes of cost records and cost audit under the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Rules, 2014. The text notes that manufacture requires a transformation into a new and different article with a distinctive name, character and use, but whether a particular beneficiation process retains the original character of coal or is only processing depends on the actual facts and evidence, making the defence a mixed question of fact and law.
Coal beneficiation through wet process is discussed as yielding a commercially improved output and, on the authorities cited, may fall within manufacture or production for purposes of cost records and cost audit under the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Rules, 2014. The text notes that manufacture requires a transformation into a new and different article with a distinctive name, character and use, but whether a particular beneficiation process retains the original character of coal or is only processing depends on the actual facts and evidence, making the defence a mixed question of fact and law.
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