Authentication of paper assessment orders upheld, while qualifying repairs, consumables and vendor advance write-offs remain deductible business claim...
Transaction value cannot be rejected solely on non-statutory valuation guidelines without corroborative evidence supporting reassessment of final cust...
Cross-examination rights and corroborated evidence limit customs penalties for misdeclaration in genuine import transactions involving documented clea...
Tariff classification of vehicle gear components follows the specific gearing entry, displacing motor-vehicle parts classification and related liabili...
Weighted deduction for research and development was confined to expenditure approved by the prescribed authority, but the unapproved revenue outlay retained its character as business expenditure and was allowed under general deduction principles. The Tribunal also applied the presumption that investments were made from interest-free funds where own funds exceeded investments, so the interest component of the exempt-income disallowance was deleted and the balance was to be recomputed only against investments yielding exempt income. Rent paid to related parties for a farmhouse was only partly supported by business use, so the disallowance was restricted to 50%.
Weighted deduction for research and development was confined to expenditure approved by the prescribed authority, but the unapproved revenue outlay retained its character as business expenditure and was allowed under general deduction principles. The Tribunal also applied the presumption that investments were made from interest-free funds where own funds exceeded investments, so the interest component of the exempt-income disallowance was deleted and the balance was to be recomputed only against investments yielding exempt income. Rent paid to related parties for a farmhouse was only partly supported by business use, so the disallowance was restricted to 50%.
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